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CAR EMISSION ?

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 As we know, every of ICE car or Internal Combustion Engine will produce an emission. But, how much does a car produce and will it give harm the environment ? The composition of combustion gas is nitrogen (N2), water vapor (H2O) , and carbon dioxide (CO2)  these are not toxic or noxious. A relatively small part of combustion gas is undesirable, noxious, or toxic substances, such as carbon monoxide (CO) from incomplete combustion, hydrocarbons, but typically shown simply as "HC" on emissions-test slips from unburnt fuel, nitrogen oxides (NOx) from excessive combustion temperatures, and particulate matter This figure shows the estimate of average passenger car emissions in the United State in 2000. It shows the hydrocarbon with an emission rate of 2.80 grams/mile (1.75g/km) with annual pollution emitted of 77.1 pounds. For carbon monoxide, the emission rate is at 20.9 grams/mile (13.06 g/km) with annual pollution emitted of 575 pounds ( 261 kg). For NOx, the emission rate is 1....

What is ABS System ?

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So what is ABS in braking system ? What it contribution on the brake system ?   An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and on land vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. ABS operates by preventing the wheels from locking up during braking, thereby maintaining tractive contact with the road surface and allowing the driver to maintain more control over the vehicle. ABS is an automatic system that uses the principles of threshold braking and cadence braking, methods which are once practiced by skilled riders. ABS generally offers advanced vehicle control and drops halting distances on dry and some smooth surfaces on loose gravel or snow-covered surfaces. ABS significantly increase braking distance,  improving steering control. Since ABS was introduced in production vehicles, It has become increasingly advanced and powerful. Depending on its unique capabilities and combinations, it is also known as electronic b...

HOW TO RECOGNIZE CAR BODY TYPE ?

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Some of us maybe did not know how to recognize a car's body, whether is it a sedan or coupe, or hatchback. So, in this writing, I will share the criteria that we must note to notice what type of body type the car represents. SEDAN Hyundai Sonata 2.0 Turbo This picture shows the Hyundai Sonata 2.0 Turbo which represents the sedan car body type. So how to know the car is a sedan. A sedan is a car with a closed body with the engine, passengers, and cargo in separate compartments. The typical characteristics of sedans are :  a B-pillar (between the front and rear windows) that supports the roof two rows of seats a three-box design with the engine at the front and the cargo area at the rear a less steeply sloping roofline than a coupĂ©, which results in increased headroom for rear passengers and a less sporting appearance. a rear interior volume of at least 33 cu ft (0.93 m3) It is sometimes suggested that sedans must have four doors (to provide a simple distinction between sedans and tw...

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE STAGES

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  According to www.twi-global.com . An autonomous vehicle, or a driverless vehicle, is one that is able to operate itself and perform necessary functions without any human intervention, through the ability to sense its surroundings. An autonomous vehicle utilizes a fully automated driving system in order to allow the vehicle to respond to external conditions that a human driver would manage. In simple terms, an autonomous vehicle is a vehicle that we did not have to drive to get it to move from one place to one place. What are the 6 stages of an Autonomous Vehicle ?     Level 0 (No Driving Automation) All of the features on the car must be manually performed. No helping features such as for steering, acceleration, or braking.   Level 1 (Driver Assistance) This is the entry-level automation stage where this stage is equipped with a single automated system either braking, acceleration, or steering. An example is adaptive cruise control. Level 2 (Parti...

Pickup Truck Kegemaran Rakyat Malaysia ?

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Secara umumnya diketahui, pickup truck yang menjadi pilihan orang ramai dari dahulu lagi adalah Toyota Hilux. Akan tetapi, model Navara daripada NISSAN juga mula mendapat tempat di hati kalangan kita. Pada kali ini, saya cuba untuk berkongsi sebuah pickup truck yang agak menarik untuk diperkongsikan buat semua iaitu Nissan Navara (Facelift) Edisi 2022 Nissan Navara Generasi Ketiga (D23) 2022 Facelift versi Pro-4XL  ( sumber grafik :  nissan.com ) Antara aspek yang dititikberatkan untuk memilik sebuah pickup truck adalah kebolehan kenderaan itu sendiri untuk mengharungi permukaan bumi yang mencabar seperti kawasan yang berbukit, berlumpur dan sebagainya. Oleh itu, saya akan membawa kalian untuk melihat satu persatu kelebihan mengharungi permukaan mencabar yang ada pada Nissan Navara Versi Facelift 2022 ini. Kelebihan pertama adalah ' Electronic Locking Rear Differential ' . Sistem ini berfungsi untuk  menghantar pacuan kuasa daripada enjin secara sekata kepada roda belakan...